I-SARS CoV-2, iiCoronavirus eziKhethekileyo

Ukusukela kwimeko yokuqala yesifo se-coronavirus, ngoDisemba ka-2019, isigulo sobhubhane siye sasasazeka kwizigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela.Lo bhubhani wehlabathi jikelele wenoveliI-Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2)yenye yezona zinto zinyanzelisayo kwaye malunga neentlekele zempilo zehlabathi zanamhlanje, ezibeka izoyikiso ezinkulu kwihlabathi kwaye zichaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu.[1]
IiCoronavirus zigutyungelwe, zinezimvo ezintle, iintsholongwane zeRNA ezinemisonto enye kusapho lweCoronaviridae, ezinoluhlu olubanzi lwemikhosi enjengabantu, amalulwane, iinkamela, kunye neentlobo zeentaka, kubandakanya imfuyo kunye nezilwanyana eziziqabane, ezibeka isoyikiso kwimpilo yoluntu. 1 IiCoronavirus zihlelwa kusapho olungaphantsi lwe-Orthocoronavirinae, oluphinde lwahlulwe lwaba yimisinga emine, ngokusekwe kumahluko kulandelelwano lweprotheyini: i-a-coronavirus, i-b-coronavirus, i-g-coronavirus, kunye ne-d-coronavirus.Ii-a-coronavirus kunye ne-b-coronavirus zosulela kuphela izilwanyana ezanyisayo, ngelixa i-g-coronavirus kunye ne-d-coronavirus ikakhulu zosulela iintaka, nangona ezinye zazo zinokosulela izilwanyana ezanyisayo.I-HCoV-229E,

I-oV-OC43, i-HCoV-NL63, i-HCoV-HKU1, i-SARSCoV, i-MERS-CoV, kunye ne-SARS-CoV-2 ziikoronavirus ezisixhenxe ezichongiweyo ukuba zosulele abantu.Phakathi kwabo, i-SARSCoV kunye ne-MERS-CoV, eziye zavela kuluntu lwabantu ngo-2002 kunye no-2012, zine-pathogenic ephezulu.Ngelixa i-coronavirus yabantu (HCoV) -229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, okanye i-HCoV-HKU1 iintlobo ezijikeleza eluntwini zibangela kuphela ingqele eqhelekileyo, i-7 acute acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV2), eyona arhente I-COVID-19, yinoveli ye-b-coronavirus, evele kwangoko ekupheleni kuka-2019 kwaye ikhokelele ekuswelekeni okubi kakhulu.Iimpawu eziphambili zeI-COVID 19ziyafana nezo ze-SARS-CoV kunye ne-MERS-CoV: umkhuhlane, ukudinwa, ukukhohlela okomileyo, iintlungu zesifuba esingaphezulu, ngamanye amaxesha urhudo, kunye ne-dyspnea.Ngokungafaniyo nexesha elidlulileyousulelo lwe-coronavirus (CoV).Ukusasazwa okukhawulezileyo kwehlabathi, izinga eliphezulu losulelo, ixesha elide lokufukamela, usulelo oluthe kratya lwe-asymptomatic, kunye nobuzaza besifo be-SARS-CoV-2 kufuna ulwazi olunzulu malunga nezicwangciso eziliqili zokuzikhusela kwintsholongwane.

Njengezinye ii-coronavirus zabantu (i-SARS-CoV-2, i-MERS-CoV), i-SARSCoV-2 nayo ine-RNA enomsonto omnye, inengqondo entle emalunga ne-30 kb ngobukhulu.Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 1, i-nucleocapsid ye-viral (N) iiprotheyini zidibanisa i-genome kwi-ribonucleoprotein enkulu (RNP) eyinkimbinkimbi, ehlanganiswe yi-lipids kunye neeprotheni ze-viral S (spike), M (membrane), kunye ne-E (imvulophu).Isiphelo se-50 ye-genome inezakhelo ezibini ezinkulu zokufunda ezivulekileyo (ORFs), i-ORF1a kunye ne-ORF1b, i-polypeptides ye-encoding pp1a kunye ne-pp1b, eveliswa kwi-16 ye-nonstructural proteins (NSPs) ebandakanya yonke inkalo yokuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane yi-NSP3 kunye ne-NSP5 echwebeni. i-domain-like protease domain kunye ne-3C-efana ne-protease domain, ngokulandelanayo.9 Ukuphela kwe-30 ye-genome ifaka iiprotheni zesakhiwo kunye neeprotheyini ze-accessory, apho i-ORF3a, i-ORF6, i-ORF7a, kunye ne-ORF7b ibonakaliswe njengeeprotheni ze-viral structural ezibandakanyekayo. ekubunjweni kweentsholongwane zentsholongwane kunye ne-ORF3b kunye ne-ORF6 zisebenza njengabachasi be-interferon.Ngokwesihlomelo sangoku ngokwesiseko sokulandelelana ukufana kwezinye ii-b-coronavirus, i-SARS-CoV-2 ibandakanya uqikelelo lweeproteni ezincedisayo ezintandathu (3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, kunye ne-10).Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke ezi ORF eziye zavavanywa okwangoku, kwaye elona nani lichanekileyo lezixhobo zejene ze-SARS-CoV-2 liseyindawo yosukuzwano.Ngoko ke, akukacaci ukuba zeziphi iiseli zemfuza ezibonakaliswa yile genome ehlangeneyo .[2]
Uvavanyo olunovakalelo oluphezulu kunye nolukhethekileyo lubalulekile ukuchonga nokulawula izigulana ze-COVID-19 kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okulawula ukunciphisa ukuqhambuka.Iimvavanyo zeemolekyuli zePoint-of-care (POC) zinokuvumela ukubhaqwa kwangaphambili kunye nokwahlukaniswa kwe-2 kwamatyala aqinisekisiweyo e-SARS-CoV-2, xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokuxilonga ezisekwe kwilabhoratri, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ukosulela kwekhaya kunye noluntu.
[1]Impembelelo yeklinikhi kunye nokusebenza kwenqaku elikhawulezayo lokukhathalelwa kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kwisebe likaxakeka.
[2] Umlo phakathi kwenginginya kunye ne-SARS-CoV-2: ukungakhuseleki okungaphakathi kunye neendlela zokuphepha intsholongwane