Uvavanyo Lweziyobisi

Auvavanyo lweziyobisiluhlalutyo lobuchwephesha lwesampulu yebhayoloji, umzekelo umchamo, iinwele, igazi, umphefumlo, umbilo, okanye ulwelo lomlomo/amathe-ukufumanisa ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwamachiza omzali achaziweyo okanye i-metabolites yawo.Ezona zicelo ziphambili zovavanyo lweziyobisi zibandakanya ukubonwa kobukho be-steroids ephucula ukusebenza kwezemidlalo, abaqeshi kunye namagosa engqawule/amagosa avavanya avavanya iziyobisi ezingavumelekanga ngumthetho (ezifana neicocaine, methamphetamine, kunye neheroin) kunye novavanyo lwamagosa asebupoliseni ubukho kunye nokuxinana kotywala (ethanol) egazini elidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-BAC (umxholo wotywala egazini).Iimvavanyo ze-BAC zihlala zilawulwa nge-breathalyzer ngelixa uhlaziyo lwe-urina lusetyenziselwa uninzi lovavanyo lweziyobisi kwimidlalo kunye nomsebenzi.Uninzi lwezinye iindlela ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo okuchaneka, ubuntununtunu (ukubona i-threshold/cutoff), kunye namaxesha okubona akhona.
Uvavanyo lwechiza lunokubhekisa kuvavanyo olubonelela ngohlalutyo lwemichiza yobungakanani bechiza elingekho mthethweni, elijolise ekuncedeni ukusetyenziswa kwechiza ngenkathalo.[1]

Uhlalutyo lwe-Urine lusetyenziswa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi.Uvavanyo lweyeza lomchamoyenye yeendlela zovavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo.Uvavanyo lwe-immune oluphindaphindwe nge-enzyme lolona hlalutyo lusetyenziswa rhoqo.Izikhalazo zenziwe malunga namazinga aphezulu obuxoki kusetyenziswa olu vavanyo.[2]
Uvavanyo lwechiza lomchamo lujonga umchamo ubukho bechiza lomzali okanye i-metabolites yalo.Inqanaba lechiza okanye i-metabolites yalo ayiqikeleleki ukuba iye yathathwa nini ichiza okanye ukuba isigulana sisetyenziswe kangakanani na.

Uvavanyo lweyeza lomchamoluvavanyo lwe-immunoassay olusekelwe kumgaqo wokubophelela okukhuphisanayo.Amachiza anokuthi abekhona kumzekelo womchamo akhuphisana ngokuchasene neyeza lawo elidityanisiweyo kwiindawo ezibophelelayo kwi-antibody ethile.Ngexesha lovavanyo, i-specimen yomchamo ifudukela phezulu ngesenzo se-capillary.Ichiza, ukuba likhona kumzekelo womchamo ongaphantsi koxinaniso lwalo olusikiweyo, aliyi kuzalisa iisayithi ezibophelelayo ze-antibody ethile.I-antibody iya kusabela nge-conjugate ye-drug-protein kunye nomgca ombala obonakalayo uya kubonakala kwindawo yovavanyo lomgca weyeza elithile.

Ukungaqondi kakuhle okuqhelekileyo kukuba uvavanyo lwechiza oluvavanya iklasi yeziyobisi, umzekelo, i-opioids, iya kubona zonke iziyobisi zelo didi.Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo ezininzi ze-opioid aziyi kuyibona ngokuthembekileyo i-oxycodone, i-oxymorphone, i-meperidine, okanye i-fentanyl.Ngokufanayo, ezininzi iimvavanyo zeziyobisi ze-benzodiazepine aziyi kuyifumana ngokuthembekileyo i-lorazepam.Nangona kunjalo, izikrini zamachiza omchamo ezivavanya iyeza elithile, kunokuba iklasi yonke, zihlala zikhona.
Xa umqeshi ecela uvavanyo lwechiza kumqeshwa, okanye ugqirha ecela uvavanyo lwechiza kwisigulana, umqeshwa okanye isigulana siyalelwa ukuba siye kwindawo yokuqokelela okanye kwikhaya labo.Isampulu yomchamo idlula 'kwitsheyina logcino' elichaziweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayiphazanyiswa okanye ingasebenzi ngenxa yempazamo yalebhu okanye yomsebenzi.Umchamo wesigulana okanye umqeshwa uqokelelwa kwindawo ekude kwikomityi ekhuselekileyo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa, itywinwe ngeteyiphu enganyangekiyo, ize ithunyelwe kwilabhoratri yovavanyo ukuze ihlolwe iziyobisi (ngokuqhelekileyo iPhaneli yesi-5 yokuSetyenziswa Gwenxa kweZiyobisi kunye neeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo).Isinyathelo sokuqala kwindawo yokuvavanya kukwahlula umchamo kwii-aliquots ezimbini.I-aliquot enye ijongwa kuqala kumachiza kusetyenziswa i-analyzer eyenza i-immunoassay njengesikrini sokuqala.Ukuqinisekisa ingqibelelo yomzekelo kunye nokufumanisa ukukrexeza okunokwenzeka, iiparamitha ezongezelelweyo zivavanywa.Abanye bavavanya iipropathi zomchamo oqhelekileyo, ezinje nge, creatinine yomchamo, i-pH, kunye nomxhuzulane othile.Ezinye zenzelwe ukubamba izinto ezongeziweyo kumchamo ukuguqula umphumo wokuvavanya, njenge, i-oxidants (kuquka i-bleach), i-nitrites, kunye ne-gluteraldehyde.Ukuba isikrini somchamo silungile ke enye i-aliquot yesampuli isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukufunyaniswa kwe-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) okanye i-chromatography ye-liquid - i-mass spectrometry methodology.Ukuba kucelwe ngugqirha okanye umqeshi, amayeza athile ahlolwa ngokwahlukeneyo;ezi ngokuqhelekileyo ngamachiza ayinxalenye yodidi lweekhemikhali ezithi, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, ziqwalaselwe ngakumbi ngokwenza umkhwa okanye inkxalabo.Ngokomzekelo, i-oxycodone kunye ne-diamorphine zinokuvavanywa, zombini i-analgesics yokuthomalalisa.Ukuba olo vavanyo alucelwanga ngokuthe ngqo, uvavanyo olubanzi ngakumbi (kwimeko engaphambili, uvavanyo lwe-opioids) luya kufumanisa uninzi lwamachiza eklasi, kodwa umqeshi okanye ugqirha akayi kuba nenzuzo yesazisi seyeza. .
Iziphumo zovavanyo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi zithunyelwa kwiofisi yokuphonononga unyango (MRO) apho ugqirha wezonyango uphonononga iziphumo.Ukuba isiphumo sesikrini asinayo, i-MRO yazisa umqeshi ukuba umqeshwa akanalo ichiza elibonakalayo kumchamo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiyure ezingama-24.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-immunoassay kunye ne-GC-MS azikho-negative kwaye zibonisa izinga loxinzelelo lweyeza lomzali okanye i-metabolite ngaphezu komda omiselweyo, i-MRO iqhagamshelana nomqeshwa ukuba inqume ukuba kukho nasiphi na isizathu esisemthethweni-njengonyango. unyango okanye umyalelo.

[1] “Ndichithe impelaveki yam ndivavanya iziyobisi kumnyhadala”.I-Independent.NgoJulayi 25, 2016. Ibuyiselwe ngoMeyi 18, 2017.
[2] iSebe lezoThutho lase-US: Ulawulo lweSizwe loKhuseleko lweNdlela yeNdlela (DOT HS 810 704).UVavanyo oluLingwayo lweNdlela eNtsha yoPhando lweNdlela yokuQhuba ngokuFanelekileyo.NgoJanuwari, 2007.