1.yintoni iswekile yegazi?
Iswekile yegazi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiswekile yegazi, sisixa seswekile egazini lakho.Le glucose ivela kwinto oyityayo kwaye uyiselayo kwaye umzimba ukwakhupha iswekile egciniweyo kwisibindi sakho nakwizihlunu.
2.Inqanaba le-glucose yegazi
I-glycemia, eyaziwa ngokuba yinqanaba leswekile yegazi,Ukugxininiswa kweswekile yegazi, okanye inqanaba leswekile yegazi ngumlinganiselo weglucose egxininiswe egazini labantu okanye ezinye izilwanyana.Ngokumalunga ne-4 grams ye-glucose, iswekile elula, ikhona kwigazi le-70 kg (154 lb) yomntu ngamaxesha onke.Umzimba ulawula ngokuqinileyo amanqanaba eglucose njengenxalenye ye-homeostasis ye-metabolic.I-glucose igcinwe kwi-skeletal muscle kunye neeseli zesibindi ngendlela ye-glycogen;kubantu abazila ukutya, i-glucose yegazi igcinwe kwinqanaba elihlala lihlala kwindleko ye-glycogen store kwisibindi kunye ne-skeletal muscle.
Kubantu, inqanaba le-glucose yegazi le-4 grams, okanye malunga ne-teaspoon, libaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwinani lezicubu, kwaye ubuchopho bomntu budla malunga ne-60% ye-glucose yegazi ngokuzila ukutya, abantu abahlala phantsi.Ukuphakama okuzingisileyo kwi-glucose yegazi kukhokelela kwityhefu ye-glucose, enegalelo ekungasebenzi kakuhle kweeseli kunye ne-pathology ehlanganiswe kunye njengeengxaki zesifo seswekile.I-glucose inokuhanjiswa ukusuka emathunjini okanye esibindini ukuya kwezinye izicubu emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa igazi.I-Cellular glucose uptake ilawulwa ngokuyinhloko yi-insulin, i-hormone eveliswa kwi-pancreas.
Amanqanaba e-glucose ahlala ephantsi kusasa, ngaphambi kokutya kokuqala kosuku, kwaye avuke emva kokutya iyure okanye ezimbini ngama-millimoles ambalwa.Amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ngaphandle koluhlu oluqhelekileyo lunokuba luphawu lwemeko yonyango.Izinga eliphezulu elizingileyo libizwa ngokuba yi-hyperglycemia;amanqanaba aphantsi abizwa ngokubai-hypoglycemia.I-Diabetes mellitus ibonakala ngokuzingisa kwe-hyperglycemia kuzo naziphi na izizathu ezininzi, kwaye sesona sifo sibalaseleyo esinxulumene nokungaphumeleli kokulawulwa kweswekile yegazi.
3.Amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ekuxilongeni isifo seswekile
Ukuqonda amanqanaba eglucose yegazi kunokuba yinxalenye ephambili yokulawula isifo seswekile.
Eli phepha lichaza uluhlu lweswekile yegazi 'eqhelekileyo' kunye noluhlu lweswekile yegazi kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana abanesifo seswekile esi-1, uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kunye noluhlu lweswekile yegazi ukumisela abantu abanesifo seswekile.
Ukuba umntu onesifo seswekile unemitha, imigca yovavanyo kwaye uyavavanywa, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba inqanaba leglucose egazini lithetha ukuthini.
Amanqanaba eswekile yegazi acetyiswayo aneqondo lokutolika kumntu ngamnye kwaye kufuneka uxoxe ngale nto neqela lakho lezempilo.
Ukongeza, abafazi banokumiselwa amazinga eswekile yegazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Olu luhlu lulandelayo zizikhokelo ezibonelelwa yiNational Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) kodwa uluhlu olujoliswe kuko lomntu ngamnye kufuneka luvunywe ngugqirha okanye umcebisi wesifo seswekile.
4.Uluhlu lweswekile yegazi oluqhelekileyo kunye neswekile
Kuninzi lwabantu abasempilweni, amanqanaba aqhelekileyo eswekile yegazi ngala alandelayo:
Phakathi kwe-4.0 ukuya kwi-5.4 mmol / L (72 ukuya kwi-99 mg / dL) xa uzila ukudla [361]
Ukuya kwi-7.8 mmol / L (140 mg / dL) kwiiyure ezi-2 emva kokutya
Kubantu abanesifo seswekile, iithagethi zenqanaba leswekile yegazi zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ngaphambi kokutya: 4 ukuya ku-7 mmol / L kubantu abanesifo seswekile okanye uhlobo lwe-1
Emva kokutya: ngaphantsi kwe-9 mmol / L kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kunye nangaphantsi kwe-8.5 mmol / L kubantu abanesifo seswekile esi-2
5.Iindlela zokuxilonga isifo seswekile
Uvavanyo lwe-glucose ye-plasma engaqhelekanga
Isampuli yegazi yovavanyo lwe-plasma ye-glucose engahleliweyo ingathathwa nanini na.Oku akudingi ukucwangciswa okuninzi kwaye ke ngoko kusetyenziswe ekuxilongweni kwesifo seswekile se-1 xa ixesha liyinto ebalulekileyo.
Ukuzila ukutya kwi-plasma glucose test
Uvavanyo lwe-glucose ye-plasma yokuzila kuthathwa emva kweeyure ezisibhozo zokuzila ukutya kwaye ngoko ke ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa ekuseni.
Izikhokelo ze-NICE zijonga isiphumo sokuzila ukutya kwe-plasma ye-glucose ye-5.5 ukuya kwi-6.9 mmol / l njengokubeka umntu emngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphuhlisa uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile, ngakumbi xa ehamba kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi bohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.
Uvavanyo loNyamezelo lweGlucose yoMlomo (OGTT)
Uvavanyo lokunyamezela iswekile yomlomo lubandakanya kuqala ukuthatha isampuli yegazi lokuzila kwaye emva koko uthathe isiselo esiswiti kakhulu esine-75g yeglucose.
Emva kokuba usele esi siselo kufuneka uhlale uphumle de kuthatyathwe enye isampuli yegazi emva kweeyure ezi-2.
Uvavanyo lwe-HbA1c yokuxilonga isifo seswekile
Uvavanyo lwe-HbA1c alulinganisi ngokuthe ngqo inqanaba le-glucose yegazi, nangona kunjalo, isiphumo sovavanyo siphenjelelwa yindlela ephezulu okanye ephantsi ngayo amanqanaba eglucose egazini lakho athande ukuba ngaphezulu kwexesha le-2 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3.
Iimpawu zesifo seswekile okanye i-prediabetes zinikezelwa phantsi kweemeko ezilandelayo:
Ngokuqhelekileyo: ngaphantsi kwe-42 mmol / mol (6.0%)
I-Prediabetes: 42 ukuya kwi-47 mmol / mol (6.0 ukuya kwi-6.4%)
Isifo seswekile: 48 mmol / mol (6.5% okanye ngaphezulu)
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-19-2022