Ngokutsho kweNkqubo yeSizwe yeMfundo yeCholesterol (NCEP), i-American Diabetes Association (ADA), kunye ne-CDC, ukubaluleka kokuqonda i-lipid kunye ne-glucose amanqanaba kubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni iindleko zempilo kunye nokufa kwiimeko ezithintelwayo.[1-3]
I-Dyslipidemia ichazwa njengokuphakama kweplasmacholesterol okanye triglycerides (TG), okanye zombini, okanye ephantsihigh-density lipoprotein (HDL)inqanaba elinegalelo kuphuhliso lwe-atherosclerosis.Ezona zizathu ziphambili ze-dyslipidemia zinokubandakanya utshintsho lwemfuza olukhokelela ekuveliseni ngokugqithisileyo okanye ekususweni ngesiphene kwe-TG kunyei-low-density lipoprotein (LDL)i-cholesterol okanye imveliso engaphantsi okanye ukucocwa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-HDL.Oonobangela besibini be-dyslipidemia babandakanya indlela yokuphila yokungalali kunye nokutya okugqithisileyo kokutya okunamafutha kunye ne-cholesterol.[4]
I-Cholesterol yi-lipid efumaneka kuzo zonke izicubu zezilwanyana, igazi, i-bile, kunye namafutha ezilwanyana eziyimfuneko ekwenziweni kwe-membrane yeseli kunye nokusebenza, i-hormone synthesis, kunye nokuveliswa kwevithamini enyibilikayo.Icholesterol ihamba ngegazi kwiilipoproteins.Ii-LDL ze-5 zihambisa icholesterol kwiiseli, apho isetyenziswa kwiinwebu okanye ekudityanisweni kwehomoni yesteroid.6 Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo weLDL ukhokelela ekudibaneni kwecholesterol emithanjeni [5].Ngokuchaseneyo, i-HDL iqokelela i-cholesterol eninzi kwiiseli ize iyibuyisele esibindini.[6]I-cholesterol ephezulu egazini inokudibanisa nezinye izinto, okukhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-plaque.I-TG zii-esters ezithathwe kwi-glycerol kunye ne-fatty-acids ezintathu ngokubanzi zigcinwe kwiiseli ezinamafutha.IiHormones zikhupha i-TG yamandla phakathi kokutya.I-TG inokuphakamisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo kwaye ithathwa njengophawu lwe-metabolic syndrome;ngoko ke, ukujongwa kwe-lipid kubalulekile ngenxa yokuba i-dyslipidemia engalawulwayo inokukhokelela kuphuhliso lwesifo sentliziyo.[7]
I-Dyslipidemia ifunyaniswa kusetyenziswa i-serumuvavanyo lweprofayili ye-lipid.1Olu vavanyo lulinganisa i-cholesterol epheleleyo, i-cholesterol ye-HDL, i-TG, kunye ne-cholesterol ye-LDL ebalwa.
Iswekile yemellitus
Isifo seswekile sisifo esinganyangekiyo esibonakala ngokungasebenzi kakuhle komzimba kwi-insulin kunye neglucagon.I-Glucagon ifihliwe ngokuphendula kwi-concentration ye-glucose ephantsi, ekhokelela kwi-glycogenolysis.I-insulin ikhutshelwa ekuphenduleni ekutyeni, okubangela ukuba iiseli zithathe iswekile egazini kwaye ziyiguqulele kwi-glycogen ukuze igcinwe.[8]Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweglucagon okanye i-insulin kunokukhokelela kwi-hyperglycemia.Ekugqibeleni isifo seswekile sisenokonakalisa amehlo, izintso, imithambo-luvo, intliziyo nemithambo yegazi.Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo seswekile.Olunye lwezi vavanyo luquka iswekile yegazi engaqhelekanga kunye novavanyo lweswekile yeplasma yokuzila ukutya.[9]
I-Epidemiology
Ngokutsho kweCDC, i-71 yezigidi zabantu abadala baseMerika (33.5%) bane-dyslipidemia.Kuphela ngumntu om-1 kwaba-3 onecholesterol ephezulu onesifo esiphantsi kolawulo.I-avareji ye-cholesterol epheleleyo yabantu abadala baseMelika yi-200 mg / dL.11 I-CDC iqikelela ukuba i-29.1 yezigidi zaseMelika (9.3%) zinesifo seswekile, kunye ne-21 yezigidi ezifunyanwe kunye ne-8.1 yezigidi (27.8%) ezingafunyaniswanga.[2]
Hyperlipidemia“Sisifo sobutyebi” esixhaphakileyo kwibutho labantu lanamhlanje.Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, iye yakhula yaba sisiganeko esiphakamileyo kwihlabathi jikelele.Ngokutsho kwe-WHO, Ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-21, umyinge we-2.6 yezigidi zabantu baye bafa ngenxa yezifo ze-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular (ezifana ne-acute myocardial infarction kunye ne-stroke) ebangelwa yi-hyperlipidemia yexesha elide minyaka yonke.Ukuxhaphaka kwe-hyperlipidemia kubantu abadala baseYurophu yi-54%, kwaye malunga ne-130 yezigidi zabantu abadala baseYurophu bane-hyperlipidemia.Izehlo ze-hyperlipidemia e-United States zibukhali ngokulinganayo kodwa zisezantsi kancinci kunaseYurophu.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-50 pesenti yamadoda kunye ne-48 pesenti yabasetyhini eUnited States bane-hyperlipidemia.Izigulane ze-Hyperlipidemia zixhomekeke kwi-cerebral apoplexy;Yaye ukuba imithambo yegazi esemehlweni omzimba womntu ivalekile, oko kuya kukhokelela ekuboneni kakuhle, okanye kwanobumfama;Ukuba kwenzeka kwizintso, kuya kubangela ukuvela kwe-arteriosclerosis ye-renal, echaphazela ukusebenza kwezintso eziqhelekileyo zesigulane, kunye nokuvela kokusilela kwezintso.Ukuba kwenzeka kwiindawo ezisezantsi, i-necrosis kunye nezilonda zingenzeka.Ukongeza, i-lipids ephezulu yegazi inokubangela iingxaki ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi, i-gallstones, i-pancreatitis kunye ne-senile dementia.
IZIQINISEKISO
1. Ingxelo yesiThathu yeNkqubo yeSizwe yeMfundo yeKholesterol (NCEP) iPhaneli yeeNgcali zokuFumana, uVavanyo, kunye noNyango lwe-High Blood Cholesterol kuBantu abadala (iPhaneli yoNyango lwaBadala III) ingxelo yokugqibela.Ukujikeleza.2002;106:3143-3421.
2. CDC.Ingxelo yeNkcazo yeSizwe yeSifo seswekile yowama-2014.Oktobha 14, 2014. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/2014statisticsreport.html.Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 20, 2014.
3. I-CDC, iCandelo leSifo seNtliziyo kunye noThintelo lwe-Stroke.Iphepha leCholesterol.www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_cholesterol.htm.Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 20, 2014.
4. I-Goldberg A. Dyslipidemia.Merck Manual Professional Version.www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders/lipid_disorders/dyslipidemia.html.Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 6, 2014.
5. Iziko leSizwe leNtliziyo, imiphunga, neGazi.Jonga i-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi.https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbc/.Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 6, 2014.
6. IYunivesithi yaseWashington ifundisa iseva yewebhu.I-cholesterol, i-lipoprotein kunye nesibindi.http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/cholesterol/liver.html.Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 10, 2014.
7. Iklinikhi yaseMayo.I-cholesterol ephezulu.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/art-20048186.Ifikeleleke nge-10 kaJuni ngo-2014.
8. Isifo seswekile.co.uk.IGlucagon.www.diabetes.co.uk/body/glucagon.html.Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 15, 2014.
9. Ikliniki yaseMayo.Isifo seswekile.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20033091.Ifikeleleke nge-20 kaJuni ngo-2014.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-17-2022